Process of making bricks



May 6, 1930.

PROCESS OF MAKING BRICKS Filed Jan. 23, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 L- J[Q1113 INVENTOR. %JW

. By v A TTORNE Y.

A. J. THERRIEN 1,757,786

A. J. THERRIEN 1,757,786 P ROCESS OF MAKING BRICKS May 6, 1930.

Filed Jan.,23, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fi .6 45 JJA-JQ) U HEP-14 IIINVENTOR. 36- 37\ A TTORNE Y.

UNITED STAT ARTHUR J. THERRIEN, OF NORTHBROOK, ELLINOIS ASSIGNOR TONATIONAL BBICK COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATZON OF ILLINOISMy invention relates to a process of making bricks, and it has for itsprlnclpal ob ect to provide a new method by which theman-V ual handlingof the bricks may be reduced to a minimum. By a process now in uise, thegreen bricks as th-eycome from the forming machine arepiled on cars intosolid unit piles piles are four brick-lengths in width and in which therows are separated by spaces two brick lengths in width. Aftertheplacing of the unit piles in this arrangement by a power fork, itisnecessary for a gang of workmen, equipped with the necessary extra greenbricks, to repos tion by'hand a. cornparativeiy large proportion ofthebr cks on V opposite sides of the spaces between rows for arching oversuch spaces so that the next succeeding layer of unit piles may besupported by the spaced piles and the arches, the arched spaces ortunnels being utilizedfor applying the heat for burning the greenbricks, all as is well understoodin the art.

It is the principal object of my invention to provide a method ofhandling green bricks by reason of which the work of completing thearches transversely through the kiln may be very greatly reduced" Tothis end, it is one of the obj ects of my invention to provide forforming the arches or archedtunnels in the unit piles as such. piles areoriginally built up on the cars, the bricksbeing so arranged in suchunit piles thatthe usual power fork may handle the pilein precisely thesame way as is now done.-

It is another object of my invention to improve the arrangement of thegreen bricks in a kiln and the arrangement of the unit piles and archedtunnels so that the burning of the *ricks may be effected to betteradvanrnocnss or Maxine- BRICKS Application filed-January 23.1926. SerialNo. 83,342.

tage,particularly by reasonof the fact that the distancebetween thesuccessive'noz zles by which the heat is applied to the tunnels isdecreased so that it is not necessary forthe heat to spread laterally sofar from each nozzle. V

It is. another object 'ofmy invention to provide a new arrangementofparts by reason of which the turning of the arches manually to theslight extent still necessary in the practice ofmy improved inventionmay be effected much moreeasily and expeditiously than has heretoforebeen possible'gj a According-to the preferred meth d f .Plfi?" ticing,myinvention, the archesa re formed inthe hacks which are built directlyupon the transfer cars. In this manner nearly allof the'arche's areformed with only one handling of the bricks, whereas, in the previousmethods, the bricks were hacked in spaced piles, and then the piles wererebuilt and additional brickssupplied to form the arches over the topsofthe tunnels. The construction of a kiln according to my, invention with"arches of only onebrick length in widtlnfiis wholly new" and hasbeenfound to have, inherent advantages that mark my method of piling andburning as a striking advance in the brick inaking industry, inasmuch asthe cost of 'makingthe brick is greatly reduced and the brick is moreperfectly burned, especially at the sides of the fire tunnels.

' It is another obj ect of my invention to improve-in sundry details themethod of making bricks as will be appreciated by reference to theaccompanying drawings and the description thereofas hereinafter setforth.

That whicho-Ifbelieve to'be new and desireto V coverby claims.

In the drawingsp Fig. 1 is aside view, more orless diagrammatic, showingthe arrangement of a unit pile of green bricks upon a car, Fig. 2 is aside viewof a powerfork'adaptedf-for'handling a'unit pile of greenbricks Letters Patent is set forth in the such as that shownon the carin Fig. 1, the

upper end ofLthe fork; mechanism being shown in vertical section atthemiddle of the fork for betterillnstrating the turn-table f 1 Fig. 3 is afragmentary view, being a sec- 1 layer of unit piles of unburned bricksin position in a section of a kiln, with a partial showing of the secondlayer. of unit piles, and a showing at one corner of a third layer ofunit piles; Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail view showing a solid unit pileof green bricks in place in the middle portion of the kiln, with partsof two other unit piles adjacent thereto, the partial closing of thetunnel between two of the piles having been completed preliminary to theplacing of the succeeding layer of unit piles thereon, while only aportion of the bricks have been repositioned for partially closing thespace between the central pile and the third pile;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail view for .illustrating the arched tunnelsat the middle portion of the kiln, being substantially a section takenat line 6-6 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 7 is a top plan view of a fragmentary portion of the bottom layerof unit piles in' a kiln illustrating diagrammatically an alternativemethod of placing such piles. V

The preliminary step in the practice of my invention .in its preferredform comprises hacking the green bricks as they come from the brickmachine, or the forming machine, into unit piles upon cars such'as thecar 15 illustrated in Fig. 1 having supporting wheels l6 thereon andhaving standards 17 at its opposite ends. In the unit} pile asillustrated in Fig. 1, all of the green bricks are placed on edgethroughout the pile in slightly spaced relation so i that the combustiongases can pass therebetween. The bottom two layers of bricks arearranged in spaced relation to provide openings forthe entrance of-thetines of a Fig. 1 being provided for a power fork havingfourteen of suchtines in equally spaced relation from one sideof the fork to the otherside. The bottom layer of bricks are arranged in pairs, with suitablespaces between adjacent pairs, the bricks of the second layer beingarranged directly above corresponding bricks of the first layer. Uponthe upper edges of the bricks of the second layer, the succeeding layersare piled solidly three on three throughout theunit, except for thespaces left forprovidin'g the desired arches whichare designated by thenumerals 18 and 19. .The portion of the unit pile 'or'the pier betweenthe arches 18 and 1-9 is four bricklengths long, and each of the endportions of the unit pile is two brick-lengths inextent longitudinallyof the pile and thus constitutes a half of a pier. The unitpile of Fig.1is four brick-lengths in width, the several tiers of bricks beingpreferably arranged in the same manner as is indicated for the outsidetier as shown in elevation in Fig. 1. The first of a kiln. I

power fork, the unit pile illustrated in transfer to' the kiln for twospaced layers are arranged regularly three on three. The next higherlayer, however,is varied byplacing the bricks 20 in position to jut outoverthe tunnels or spaces 18 and 19, so that the bricks 21 of the nexthigher layer are capable ofcompletely closing the tops of the tunnels 18and 19. The top twolayers of bricks are laid solidly three onthreethroughout the entire length of the unit pile. The loose bricks 22 aresupplied atthe sides of the tunnel to fill the grip between the tines ofthe fork so that the bricks 23 maybe picked up, the bricks 22 beingpreferably removed by a workman when the unit pile has been placed inposition on the floor I have found in practice that with a unit pile ofbricks arranged as shown in Fig. 1, a fork 2 1 of approved form as nowin use is capable oflifting the unit" pile bodily and placing it'inposition on'the fioorof a kiln without disturbing the'arched tunnels 18and 19 of the unit pile, the fact that eleven of the spaced supportingportions at the bottom of the pile instead of thirteen having no effectupon the operation of the'fork.

. The fork 24, as shown in igs. 2 and 3 is supported bylinks 25 from aturntable 26 supported by anti-friction bearings from a circular plate27 which is adapted "to be connected by any suitable means with a cranethere are only by which the fork and its load can be lifted and carriedto any part of thekiln in con-V nection with which the fork is to beused. The fork comprises a plurality of tines or arms 28 projecting froma bottom cross bar 29 each ofthe tines28 being provided with a pluralityof adjustable gripping plates 30 which are adapted to be closed togetherfirmly upon the outer faces of a pair of bricks 31, as is best shown'inFig. 3, the grip upon a series of spaced pairs of brickssuch as areillustrated at the bottom of the unit pile in Fig. 1 being such as tosupport the remaining bricks of the pile therefrom. Means is providedfor' releasing the gripping plates 30 from thespaced pairs of bricks soas to permit the fork 2 1 to be slidout of'contact with the unit pilewhen the pile has been placed in position as desired. 1 As is wellunderstood in theart, when the green bricks from the brick niachine havebeen placed in unit piles upon cars 15 such as that shown in Fig. 1, thecars with the unit plles thereon are pushed into one end of a dryingshed where the bricks are given the desired drying treatment preparatoryto their 7 burning. After a suitable drying has been effected, the carsareetaken'with their loads to a point adjacent to the kiln andthe unitpiles are picked up by the setting placedinposition'in the kiln forburning.

In Fig. 4 I haveindicated a plurality'of fork24 one at'a time and unitpiles as plaoedin position at each side of-the kiln, one section ofwhich isshown in said figure. In Fig. 4 are shown a. considerable numberof unit piles containing tunnels such as the pile illustrated in Fig. 1.Itwill be understood that the tunneled .gunit piles" 32 at. theoutsideface of thekiln willfibe. placedin position first,jthe tork24being pref erably withdrawn'tro-m the unit piles by movement towardthecenter of the kiln. In the arrangement shown 1n Fig. 4, four unit pilesare placed in position one. after another, with the arched tunnels 33-of one pile ill alignment with the arched tunnels 33 of the adjacentpile. After the piles are arranged along one side of the kiln four-deepas illustrated, alike arrangementoi'v unit piles 34 is placed inposition at the opposite side of the kiln, such unit piles being alsoarranged fourdeep from theouter face. of the kiln toward the center,with the. arched tunnels .35 in alignment. Inasmuch as it WOL1ldl 6impos- I lengths. The solid piles 36 are set bymeans siblefto slide thefork outof engagement with the unit piles it an attemptshould be made to1 continue the placmg of the p1les 1nthelmanher ust. described, I employa d1tlerent'eX nedient for rovidin the arched tunnels at .l.

the center of the kiln. I .When this stage is reached I hack on the cars15 solid unit piles 36 of the samewidth asthe Width of the unit pilesfirst described,-namely, tour brick of the same fork or setting devicesuccessively in position in alignment with the piers at either side, andwith spaces therebetween corresponding to and registering with thetunnel spacesot substantially one brick length in span so that thecompleted tunnels extend continuously across theki'ln. At the end of thekiln, I place a solid unit pile 37, having a width of two brick-lengthsto correspond to the size of the end portions of the unit piles adjacentthereto. a r v I In Fig. 5 I have illustrated 'a solid unit pile 38, aportion of a similar solid unit-pile 39 arranged adjacent to the pile38'but separated therefrom by a space one brick-lengthin width, and athird solid unit pile 4O Tar ranged on the opposite side of the'pile 38and similarlyspaced therefrom. The space between the piles 38 and 39 isindicated by the numeral 41 and the space bet-weenthe piles 38 and '40isi'ndicated by thenumeral 42.. The piles'38, 39-and40 arerepresentative of any three of the piles 36 of the arrangement shown inFig. 4. I

' The above method ofpiling, thatis, from the sides inwardly, and thenlongitudinally downthe center, is particularlysuitable forv use with anoverhead crane travelling longitudinally of the kiln floor for settingthe piles or fork-hills of brick. Since the movement of the crane'isconfinedto the space between the overhead. rails, which are placed onQfihe posts rc iiinn T5 1W 1ii h r Pos ioned along either side ot thefloonand it is desired to u ilize the spa etoth l st.- eXten space forwithdrawing the forks from the pilesat either-side may-beleft at thecenter, which spa'ceisfilled by piles deposited; transversely and fromwhich the :fork iswithdrawnlongitudinally. Obviously, the, transversepiles could be putin atone side instead ot.; i n the center, withoutdeparting from thespirit otthe invention, or if the withdrawal'space,

for the forks is provided for, in anothermanher, or is not required tobe filled, the entire bottom. layer of thejcl'amp o tbricks in kiln maybe set likethe piles 32and 34.

. After the unit piles 38, '39 dag have n arrangedin spaced relation asdescribed, the

edge bricks of the'top layer at each'side 0t thespace betweenqthe unitpiles are reairanged so as to jut outbeyond thetaces ofthe piles overthe space between; the piles,

such jutting-out bricks being indicated in Fig. 5 by the numeral 43, allof the bricks along the space 41 having beenrepositioned for partiallyclosingthe top of the space 41.

in said 5 to supportthe bottom bricks of the next courses an'dtoprevent/the same from falling through into the tunnel- Only aportion ofbricks '43 have been repositioned along the space 42, however, betweenthe unit piles 38 an'd '40. In the preferred practice of my invention,when the bricks 43 are. slid outwardly'to'jut over .the spaces betweenthe piles, additional bricks 44 are inserted in the of. the unit pilessubstantially flat and even.

After the unit. piles: 32,34, 36. and. 37 "have I been placed inposition as illustrated and as above described, with the arched tunnels33'and 35in alignmentlwitheaoh other and with the spaces between theunit piles 36' is placed in position, athird layerand any 7 desirednumber of; additional layers are' placed in position one upon another asis well understood in the art, such unit piles being indicatedby thenumeral 46 in Figs. 4 and 6. 1 While I have described eachjlayer ot unitpiles as being completed inisuccession before the next higher layer isstarted, it will be understood that: this has beenmerely tor fclears filu trat o In p a ticeith w r en spaces left vacant so .as tokeepthe topfaces :llf

with a space 49 between the rows correspondingto the spaces 41 and 4520fFig. 5. Succeeding rows of solid unit piles50 are then placed inposition with aspace 51 between each two rows. The spaces 49 and 51extend clear across the kiln, being employed in lieu of the archesbefore described comprising the arched tunnels 33 and 35 and thepartially closedspaces 4Land42. The bricks of the top layer at oppositesides of the spaces 49 and'51 are then to be slid outwardly so as toextend a short distance over the spaces in the manner described inconnection with the bricks 43 of Fig. 5. The next higher layer of unitpiles canthen be placed in position in precisely the same manner, as-isdescribed abovein connection with the arrangement shown in Figs. 5 and6. VVhileI prefer to employ the method as outlined in connectionwithFig. at employing the two expedients for forming the transverselyextending arched tunnels, I do not wish tolimit myself to the use of thetwo methods of forming such arches as distinguished from' using eitherof the methods exclusively to the extent that either of-such methods isavailable for effective use by itself for attaining the desired result.

Prior to my invention the practice has been to make the arches two bricklengths in width,

which has necessitated starting the jetting of the bricks at the fifthcourse. By my invention the jetting is only at the seventh or lastcourse, and requires less labor and fewer extra bricks. more uniformthan with .the old practice with V the wider arches, where itiscustomary to provide twenty-five arches for each million of brick. NowI use aboutthirty arches for each million of brick and obtain greatereconomy in labor, with muchgreater speed of construction,-and obtainmuch better results in the finished product. For example, it waspreviously necessary 1n setting the arches for the workmento handleaboutfour thousand bricks to the arch, while by my invention it is onlynecessary to handle about one hundred bricks for each arch. The-burninghas been reduced from about 76 hours to about 48 hours because theheatpenetrates through the kiln much'faster. r

The kiln of bricks produced by my method has arches extendingtherethrough from one 7 side to the other. After the usual sheathingwith burned brick and scoving, or smearing with clay or brick-dust mixedwith water to The setting and burning is also both ends. (This maybeaccomplished with any suitable fuel,but I prefer to employ oil burnersusing steam or compressed air for the necessary atomization and toforcethe fire into the arches to the center of the kiln.

- :I have found, as stated above, that with the narrower arches I canburn the brick at the lowest portion of the kiln more rapidly andthoroughly with less fuel. This is mainly for two reasons; first,becausemy process of stacking provides tunnels or arches which arecloser together and the penetratin dis tance through the walls of thearches is decreased, and, second, because by the use of narrower archesthe ratio of surface to volume of thearches or tunnels is very greatlyincreased. This can bemore appreciated when it is considered that'thereare many more outlets in .the spaces between the bricks in proportion tothe amount of flame in my narrower arches thanin the wide arches of theprior art. Also, it is easier to fill the arches with fire than waspreviously possible, and this can be done with less overburning andslagging of the bricks in the arches than has heretofore been possible.Although my invention is more especially intended for use in theproduction of common bricks, it is also adaptablefor making bricks of ahigher understood that I do not desire to be limited to the details ofthe method as describediexcept so far as I may be limited by the claims,

inasmuch as it isv evident that departures mightwell be made from thepractice as above described without departing from the spirit of myinvention. 1

I claim: 7 '1. The process of setting bricks in a kiln which comprisesforming a plurality of 'individual piles of unburned brick, each pilehaving a transverse archtherethrough, and assembling said piles with thearches in alignmen 2. The process ofsetting bricks into a kiln whichcomprisesforming a first plurality of LOO individual piles of unburnedbrick, each pilehaving a transversearch therethrough, assembling said:piles in two parallel rows with the arches in alignment, forming aplurality of solid piles of unburned bricks, setting said solid pilesbetween. said rows with their adjacent edges in alignment withthe edgesof the arches forme'din said first piles, jetting said solid piles toclose the arches between them and then setting further solid piles uponthe arches so formed. I

The process of setting bricks in a kiln which comprises forming aplurality of tun- 7 amazes njelledpiles, assembling said pilesw-ith-thetunnels in alignment, forming a. plurality of solid piles, assemblingsaid solidpiles with the tunnelled piles-by setting saidsolid piles withparallel adjacentedges in align ment with the edges of the tunnels,andjetting said solid piles towards each other to form an arch.

l. The process of setting bricks in a kiln which comprises forming aplurality of in-' dividualpiles of unburned bricks, eachpile having atransverse arch therethrough of substantially one brick-length in widthand assembling said piles with arches in alignment. 7

5. The process of setting bricks in a kiln which comprises forming'aplurality of individual piles of unburned bricks, eachpile having twotransverse arches therethrough,

each of substantially one brick-lengthin width and separated by a piersubstantially four brick-lengths in width, and each pilebeingsubstantially ten brick-lengths long,

and assembling said piles with arches in alignment. V

6. The process of forming a kiln of bricks for burning which comprisespiling 'unburned bricks on edge into'rectangular piles, each being tenbrick-lengthslong, four bricklengths deep and having two transversearches or tunnels each a brick length in width, forming a plurality ofpiles of substant ally the samedimensions and of the same height withoutarches; therein, assembling the tunnelled piles in contact with thearches in alignment at one side ofthe kiln floor, assembling thetunnelledpilesin contact wlth the arches in the same alignment at theother side of the floor, setting solid piles with their longer side inalignment with the opposite edges of the tunnels between the tunnelledpiles, and jetting the top layers of the solid piles towards each otherto arch the space between them.

7. The process of forming a kiln of bricks for burning which comprisespiling unburned bricks on edge into rectangular p les, each being tenbrick-lengths long, four bricklengths deep and' having twowtransversearches or tunnels each a brick length in width, forming a plurality ofpiles ofsubstantially the same dimensions and ofthe same height withoutarches therein, assembling the tunnelled piles in contactwith the archesin alignment at one side of the kiln floor, assembling the tunnelledpiles in contact with the arches in the same alignment at .the othersideof the floor, setting solid piles with their longer side inalignment with the opposite edges of the tunnels between the tunnelledpiles and jetting the top' layers of the solid piles towards each otherto arch the space between them, and setting a layer of solid piles overthe tunnel containing layer previously formed.

8. Themethod of piling. bricks into a tunnelled-stack for handlingwith afork which length in width above the omitted groups.

9. The process of makingbricksiwhich comprises stacking unburned bricksinto. in-- dividual piles, each pile having a transverse archtherethrough, assembling the piles in contact with each other in a kilnwith arches in alignment, superposing solid piles of unburned bricksupon said first pile to form 'a kiln and firing said arches to burn .thekiln.

10. The process of making bricks which comprises stacking unburnedbricks into individual piles, each pile having a transverse I archtherethrough' of a width substantially equal to the length of one brick,assembling the piles in a horizontal layer in contact with each otherand with said arches in, register,

superposing unburned bricks to form akiln and firing the. arches to burnthe kiln.

, 11. The process of making common 'building brickswhich comprisessetting unburned bricks in an open clamp kiln with substantiallyparallel transverse arches substantially a single brick lenthwide and ofsubstantially uniform height throughithe bottom of the kiln andfiringfuel insaid'arches from each end to burn the kiln.

12. .The process of making building bricks which'comprises settingunburnedabricks into piles ten brick lengths long, four brick lenthsdeep and of a height in excess of seven brick widths, assembling a firstlayer of piles in rows separated by substantially one brick length,extending the bricks towards each other atthe upper facing edgesofthe/rows of piles to define transverse firing arches, then setting alayer of piles in solid formation upon said rows over said firingarches, completing the kiln by further layers of bricks in solidformation, then firing fuel in said fire arches to burn the bricks inthe kiln.'

13. Theprocess of making bricks which comprises setting unburned bricksinto a V series of rectangular piles of, a-width of the order of fourbrick lengths, said rectangular piles being separated by firebox spacesof approximately one brick length wide, projecting the bricks at theupper adjacent edges of said piles out over said. spaces to partiallybridge said spaces, setting brickin solid formationover said piles andspaces to complete a kiln, then firing fuel 'in said'fire box spaces toburn the bricks in the kiln. I

lfl'. The process of making 1 bricks which comprises setting unburnedbricks-in the form of an open clamp kiln and leaving substantiallyparallel transverse openings of only one brick lengthin width and ofapproximately seven brick widths high throughout transversely throughthe kiln, then firing fuel into-both ends of said transverse openingstoburn the kiln. I

15. The novel method of' handling unburned bricks to form an open clampkiln which comprises hacking the bricks directly upontransfer cars andsimultaneously forming transverse arches through the hacks, thenassembling the hacks with'their arches in alignment in a kiln. r

16. The novel method of handling unburned bricks to form an open clampkiln which comprises hacking the bricks directly upon transfer cars andsimultaneously forming transverse arches through the hacks, thenassembling the hacks with their arches in alignment in a kiln, andfiring fuel'in said aligned arches from eachend to burn the bricks inthe kiln. j I

17. The method of making bricks which comprises setting unburned bricksin the form of an openclamp kiln with narrow arches only through thebottom of the kiln, said arches being of'a width of approximately onebrick length and of substantially uniform height, then firing fuel inboth ends of the arches to burn the bricks in the kiln.

18. The method of manufacturing bricks which comprises forming the greenbricks, manually piling the greenbricks onto cars in oblong piles,during said manual piling of each pile forming transverse pick-upopenings through the base oftheipile and forming a firing archtransversely through the pile,

drying the piles of bricks, pickingup the piles from the cars byalifting fork, setting 7 said piles of dried bricks] with theirtransverse firing arches in'alignment in'a kiln and firing fuel in saidarches to burn the kiln.

19. The method of manufacturing bricks which comprises forming'greenbricks, piling the green bricks onto carsin'oblong piles and V at thesame time forming transverse pick-up openings through the base of eachpile and a transverse firing arch through the body of each pile,,picking up the piles of bricks from the carsby a lifting fork in'-serted in said pick-up openings, settingthe piles with their transversefiring arches in alignment in a kiln andfiring fuel in said arches toburn the bricks in the kiln.

20. The method of manufacturing bricks which comprises forming greenbricks, pil-. ing the greenbricks into unit piles and at the same timeforming transverse pick-up openings through the base of each pile fortheinsertion of a lifting fork and forming transverse firing openingsthrough the piles, picking up the piles of bricks by a lifting forkinserted in said pick-up openings, setting the piles with theirtransverse firing openings in alignment'to form parallel firing archesin the base of a kiln, piling additional bricks upon thetops of theaforesaid piles to form a kiln, and firing fuel in said arches to burnand firing fuel in said arches to burn the bricks in the kiln;

; 22.11118 method of making bricks-which comprises forming green bricksin a brick machine,piling the green bricks as they come fromthe formingmachine into unit piles of oblong plan with transverse arches therethrough, drying the piles, assembling the piles of driedbricks'withtheir arches in alignment to formthe base of a kiln, pilingadditional solid piles of bricks upon the base to complete the kiln andfiring 'fuel in said arches to burn the bricks in the kiln. I v

I 23. The method of making bricks which comprises forming green bricksand as fast as' they are formed piling the green bricks into unit pilesfour brick lengths in horizontal thickness, ten brick lengths inhorizontal thickness and" approximately nine brick widths high, and atthe same time forming two transverse arches each of a single bricklength in width through each unit pile, dry ing the unit piles,assembling the unit piles of dried bricks with their arches-in alignmentto form the base of a kiln and firing fuel in said arches to burn thebricks in the kiln. p 24. The method of making bricks which comprisesforming green bricks, as fast as they areformed piling the green bricksinto oblong unit' piles with pick-up openings throughthe base of eachpile and arched tunnels extending transversely through each pile, dryingthe piles, pickingup the unit piles and setting them together in a kilnwith the'tunnels in alignment to form firing arches through the base ofthe kiln andfiringfuel in said arches to burn the bricks-in the kiln. 1i

25. The method of making bricks which comprises 'formingunburned bricks,piling them into an open clamp kiln with parallel transverse firingarches therethrough of substantially one brick length in width andfiring fuel insaid arches to burn the bricks in thekiln. W r i ARTHUR JTHERRIEN.

